Sleep
Sleep in Children Aged 2–3 Years
The 2-to-3-year period is one of rapid language development, emerging narrative thinking, and the consolidation of the toddler's sense of self. These...
2 min read
Sleep
Everything you need to know about baby and toddler sleep.
Sleep
Sleep in Children Aged 18–24 Months
By 18 months, most children have transitioned to a single midday nap and a more predictable overnight sleep pattern. But this period brings its own sl...
2 min read
Sleep
Sleep in Children Aged 12–18 Months: Key Changes
The period from 12 to 18 months is one of the most complex for sleep, combining a major nap transition with a developmental regression and the emergen...
2 min read
Sleep
Room Temperature and Dressing for Baby Sleep: What's Safe
Room temperature and how to dress a baby for sleep are among the most common practical questions parents ask midwives and health visitors. They are al...
4 min read
Sleep
Overtiredness in Babies: Signs, Causes, and How to Help
The overtired baby is one of those puzzles that doesn't make sense until you've seen it: it's late, the baby is rubbing their eyes and falling sideway...
10 min read
Sleep
Optimal Bedtime by Age: How to Choose the Right Bedtime for Your Child
The most important thing to know about your child's bedtime is that it's almost certainly later than it should be. Most parents in the UK and US set b...
9 min read
Sleep
The Biology of Night Feeds: Why Babies Wake Hungry at 3 a.m.
The cultural pressure to "get the baby sleeping through the night" reaches most parents before they leave the hospital and is squarely at odds with th...
9 min read
Sleep
Newborn Sleep in the First Weeks: What to Expect and Why
The single biggest gap between expectation and reality in early parenthood is sleep. Popular culture says "newborns sleep 16 hours a day"; the lived r...
7 min read
Sleep
The 3-to-2 Nap Transition: When and How to Drop the Third Nap
The move from 3 naps to 2 is the first of several nap transitions in the first 2 years. Done well, it is mildly annoying for a couple of weeks. Done p...
4 min read
Sleep
Why Newborns Confuse Day and Night — and How to Gently Fix It
A newborn who sleeps peacefully through the day and is wide awake, alert, and hungry at 2am is not being awkward — they are following the only interna...
4 min read
Sleep
White Noise for Babies: Does It Work, Is It Safe, and How to Use It
White noise has moved from obscure parenting tip to mainstream sleep tool, and for good reason — for many babies, particularly in the newborn period,...
4 min read
Sleep
Sleep Training Approaches for Toddlers: What the Evidence Shows
Few parenting topics generate stronger feelings than sleep training. Online discussions tend to be ideological — "controlled crying causes brain damag...
7 min read
Sleep
Toddler Sleep Refusal: When Bedtime Becomes a Battle
You start the routine at 7pm, calm and reasonable. Two stories, one song, kiss, lights off. By 7:15 you're back in the room with water. By 7:30 they n...
7 min read
Sleep
Toddler Sleep Problems: Common Causes and What Actually Helps
"My toddler isn't sleeping" describes at least four different problems, each with a different cause and a different fix. The toddler who fights bedtim...
8 min read
Sleep
Setting Up a Sleep Environment for Toddlers: Room, Light, and Routine
A surprising amount of difficult toddler sleep is actually a setup problem. Light leaking around the curtains. A room that's two degrees too warm. A b...
7 min read
Sleep
Consolidating Toddler Sleep: Moving Toward Longer Nights
There's a wide gap between what families are often told ("they should be sleeping through by 12 months") and what's actually true (a meaningful propor...
7 min read
Sleep
Snoring and Sleep Apnoea in Children: When to Worry
Most parents are familiar with the occasional snuffly breathing of a toddler with a cold, but persistent snoring is a different matter. A child who sn...
5 min read
Sleep
Sleepwalking in Children: Why It Happens and What to Do
A parent who witnesses their child sleepwalking for the first time tends to describe the same experience: the child is moving, apparently purposeful,...
4 min read
Sleep
Sleep Training Methods: What the Evidence Says
At 4am on the seventh terrible night, every parent has wondered whether sleep training is the answer or the problem. The internet will give you both o...
5 min read
Sleep
Sleep Regressions: What They Are, When They Happen, and How to Get Through Them
The phrase "sleep regression" lives somewhere between a useful clinical concept and a parenting-internet bogeyman. It is real — developmental change d...
5 min read