Cognitive development
19 articles
Why Sleep Matters for Brain Development in Young Children
Sleep is the part of the day where it looks like nothing is happening. In a young child's brain, that is exactly when the most consequential work is h...
Why 'Stranger Danger' Doesn't Work With Toddlers — and What Does
"What do we say to strangers?" "Don't talk to them!" Almost every parent has had that conversation with a four-year-old. It feels like teaching them s...
Puzzles and Shape Sorters for Young Children: Developmental Value and Age Guide
Shape sorters and puzzles are one of the few toy categories where the simplest, cheapest versions do as much developmental work as the elaborate ones....
Sorting Games by Color and Shape
Sorting is one of the earliest and most fundamental mathematical activities — grouping objects by shared characteristics is the basis of classificatio...
Sorting and Categorizing Games for Toddlers
Sorting and categorizing activities may seem simple, but they develop crucial cognitive skills. When a child sorts buttons by color, organizes toys by...
Puzzles for Young Children: Benefits and Selection
A wooden puzzle on the kitchen floor on a Saturday morning is doing more for your child's brain than most "educational" toys with screens and batterie...
Puzzles and Shape Sorters for Young Children
Shape sorters and puzzles are among the most reliably developmental toys you can put on a shelf — they build spatial reasoning, fine motor control, an...
Pretend Play: First Imaginative Games
The first time your toddler tips an empty cup to their mouth and "drinks," something important has clicked: they understand that an action can be perf...
Pretend Play and Its Role in Cognitive Development
The first time your toddler talks into a wooden block as if it were a phone, they have done something remarkable: they have used one thing to represen...
Matching Games for Toddlers
The thing a 20-month-old does when they put both socks in the same drawer — looking back and forth, deliberating, deciding "yes, those go together" —...
First Puzzles for Children Aged 1–2
The first time a toddler holds an elephant-shaped piece over a vaguely elephant-shaped hole and lets go, three things happen: the piece either fits or...
Drawing and Its Role in Early Development
Drawing is one of the most important activities for young children's development, yet many parents underestimate its significance. From the earliest s...
Classification Games for Early Learning
A two-year-old kneels in front of her toy basket and starts piling the dinosaurs in one heap and the cars in another. No one asked her to. Nothing is...
Cause-and-Effect Toys and Games
The first time a four-month-old swats a hanging rattle and it jingles, something quietly enormous has happened: the baby is starting to suspect they h...
How Building Toys Develop Spatial Reasoning
Spatial reasoning is the quiet workhorse of childhood cognition. It's how a toddler figures out which block holds the tower up, how a four-year-old pl...
How Fear Develops in Infancy
The fears that show up in your baby's first year — wariness of strangers, panic at separation, terror at the vacuum cleaner — are easy to mistake for...
Why Toddlers Ask 'Why': Curiosity, Learning, and How to Respond
There is a stage somewhere between two and five when a child discovers the word "why" and applies it to everything. Why is the sky blue? Why does Dadd...
Imaginary Friends in Early Childhood: What They Reveal About Development
The 4-year-old who insists you save a seat at dinner for a small green dragon named Bramble — who has firm opinions about broccoli and is afraid of th...
Executive Function in Young Children: What It Is and Why It Matters
Executive function is the set of cognitive skills that sit behind a child's ability to plan a sequence of actions, hold information in mind while usin...